Astringency Reduction via ANR Knockout in Grapes and Sorghum: IFI-A Construct Specifications

Reduction of polyphenol-mediated astringency through CRISPR-SpCas9 knockout of ANR (anthocyanidin reductase), the committed step in proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) biosynthesis. Demonstrated across Vitis vinifera and Sorghum bicolor. Reduces salivary protein precipitation and astringent mouthfeel while preserving anthocyanin pigmentation pathways. Construct specifications target IFI-A scores across consumer and commercial tannin-reduction applications. PDF and full specifications in preparation.